Since the first building with intelligence in 1983, the building has been completed in the United States. Intelligentization has become the mainstream technology for today's building development From air conditioning systems, fire alarm systems to integrated security management systems (including closed circuit monitoring, security patrols, burglar alarms, access control systems) and sophisticated computer networks and communication systems Currently Most buildings still use traditional lighting control methods Some smart buildings use building automation (BA) systems to monitor lighting But only simple area lighting and time switch functions can be implemented. Unable to manage lighting equipment flexibly with functions such as dimming and scene control In terms of lighting system It not only controls the illumination time of the illumination source Brightness to meet the needs of different applications Also consider the need for management intelligence and simplification to accommodate future lighting layout and control style changes. The distributed intelligent lighting system based on HBS protocol developed by the author can meet the above requirements. 1 Introduction to HBS Protocol It is made by some well-known companies in Japan. Including Hitachi, Matsushita, Mitsubishi, Toshiba, etc. And received support from the Japanese government and chamber of commerce The network topology of the HBS is shown in Figure 1. The HBS protocol specifies how to interconnect home appliances, telephones, and audio-visual equipment over twisted pair or coaxial cable. Focus on comprehensive automation of household appliances Simultaneously The HBS protocol also considers how to get remote services in the home. Such as home shopping, telemedicine and distance learning, etc. The protocol is mainly used for electrical switchover and simple analog control Dedicated bus Strong anti-interference, fast response, low development cost and low risk 2 Intelligent lighting and security system working principle and performance indicators Centralized or distributed, local or off-site monitoring, control transaction management In this system The transmission of information is the most important Information mainly includes control commands and status responses, etc. Any controller in the system can accept control commands from local or remote locations. Thereby changing its state After the controller status changes Will issue a status response Thereby changing the status display of local or remote locations According to different control orders and targets And the way and time the instructions are issued Complete centralized or distributed, local or off-site monitoring, control, and transaction management The overall structure of the distributed intelligent lighting and security system is shown in Figure 2. Can be seen from Figure 2 The distributed intelligent lighting system consists of three major parts: the master, the controller and the actuator The master is the controller of the system Responsible for arbitration and transmission of signals on the bus Also responsible for the power supply of the bus It is the core component of the system Each system must have a master unit Controller is the input channel of system information Control commands are issued by the user or sensor The result of the control instruction execution is also displayed on the controller. Currently the controller basically appears in the form of a button Including common switches (Switch) (single button, double button, three button and four button specifications), dimmer switch (Dimmer Switch), motor switch (Motor Switch) wireless receiver (Wireless Receiver) and main control switch ( Master Switch) (16~40 keys) several types There is also a telephone module Remote monitoring The function of the wireless receiver is to forward the signal sent by the wireless remote control button to the bus. In addition The sensor unit is also included in the controller section Untyped sensor units have different trigger conditions Once the trigger condition is met The sensor unit automatically issues control commands Actuator is a specific drive unit System information output channel It drives specific objects based on control commands Such as lights, power switches, warning lights, alarm bells, etc. Currently, the system includes switch drivers (single channel, dual channel, four channel specifications) Responsible for the drive of the switch object Such as lights, power outlets Electric appliances, etc.), dimming drivers, alarm drivers, etc. The main functions of the system are: The hardware structure of the main controller is shown in Figure 3. Because the CPU, WDT, RAM and other circuits work at CMOS level The bus transceiver circuit has to handle the 24V voltage signal. Therefore, the power supply is divided into two parts. Provide 5V and 30V voltages respectively for the working power of the module such as CPU and bus transceiver circuit To reduce interference Single point grounding That is, the ground wire of the two parts of the power supply is separately routed on the circuit board. Finally connect the two at one point The bus transceiver module is responsible for supplying power and signal level to the bus. It can convert the signal sent by the CPU (0~5V) into bus voltage signal (0~24V) And can convert the current response signal sent back by the controller and the actuator into a CMOS voltage signal. For CPU processing 3.2 Software design of the main controller Maintain and record the status of related addresses And the binding and inclusion relationships between the controller and the executor The so-called inclusion relationship refers to which individual address or dimming address is included in a group address or scene address. therefore The main part of the main controller software is the processing of communication. Command generation and address state maintenance Its overall structure is shown in Figure 4. The program is generally divided into command layer processing, link layer transceiver, data processing and other modules. The link layer transceiver module is responsible for sending the commands sent by the master controller into data frames. And receiving responses and commands from the actuator and controller And send it to the command layer for processing The command layer is responsible for the processing of static and dynamic scanning of the system. And maintenance of system status The data in the program is divided into two parts: dynamic data and static data. Where static data is placed in the EEPROM Content is address inclusion relationship For example, which individual or dimming addresses are included in the group address and scene address These are the control relationships set by the user. It can also be maintained after the system is powered off Dynamic data in RAM It is divided into two A record of the status of each address when the system is running Can be dynamically filled in by runtime queries; another block is the image of static data When the main controller is powered on Read out from EEPROM and fill in RAM Query control relationship for program running The control relationship of the system can be dynamically modified during operation. All modifications are first placed in the dynamic data area When the user has modified Then rewrite the image of the dynamic data area back to the static data area. Thus the new control relationship is preserved 4 controllers and actuators Only the actuator has one more drive module than the controller on the hardware. The following takes the controller as an example to illustrate 4.1 Controller hardware design Their hardware structure is basically the same For example, the main control switch is composed of a plurality of common switches and a set switch Let's take a general introduction as an example to introduce its hardware design. The hardware is mainly composed of four parts: power module, bus interface module, human interface module and CPU module. The general switch hardware structure diagram is shown in Figure 5. The power module will receive AC 24V from the bus through full-wave rectification Transform into 24V pulsating DC Regulator circuit Output 5V voltage as working power Since the signal on the bus is AC 24V Far greater than the CMOS circuit level Therefore, level shifting is performed through the bus interface module. Then send the signal to the CPU module for processing The loopback signal request is a current signal The output output after the CPU module is processed is the voltage signal.
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The full name of HBS is Home Bus System.
The main goal of intelligent lighting and security systems is to integrate the original discrete lighting appliances and security devices into an intelligent system through DC current-carrying bus technology.
One-to-one control: one switch controls one light. One-to-many control: one switch controls multiple lights at the same time
Many-to-one control: Multiple switches control a lighting scene control: one switch allows multiple lights to reach a preset state. Timing control: Provides on-off and off-delay function status display: The controlled light can be observed on the switch panel Status infrared remote control: operation of light security monitoring through infrared remote control: anti-theft, gas leak, fire alarm remote monitoring by telephone (voice prompt)
The main technical indicators of the system are:
The communication distance between network nodes is up to 600 meters. The communication speed is 4800 bits/second. The number of network communication nodes is up to 256 points. The network node can be programmed to record. It has the function of software verification error. Supply voltage: DC 24V
3 main controller design
3.1 Hardware design of the main controller
The hardware of the main controller is mainly composed of power supply, large-capacity data memory, CPU, WDT, bus transceiver circuit and other modules.
The main controller is mainly responsible for static and dynamic scanning of the system.
The hardware structure and software design of the controller and actuator are basically similar.
The controllers currently defined in the system include common switches (1 to 4 channels), dimmer switches, motor switches, wireless receivers, and main control switches (16 to 40 channels).