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Phillip Johnson (1906-2005)
Introduction to Phillip Johnson
American architect, architectural theorist. Born in Cleveland on July 8, 1906, he studied philosophy at Harvard University and graduated in 1927. Later, with the architectural historian H?R? Hitchcock traveled to Europe and met many modernist architects. After returning to China, he was appointed Director of the Department of Architecture of the Museum of Modern Art in New York City in 1932. In the same year, he co-authored the book "International Style" with Hitchcock and held an exhibition to introduce European modernist architecture to the United States for the first time. In 1939, he entered the Graduate School of Architecture at Harvard University and studied with M. Blauer, but his real mentor was Mies van der Rohe. In 1943, he obtained an architectural position. He opened a design office in 1945 and was the director of the Department of Architecture at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City from 1946 to 1954. His monograph "Miss Van der Rohe" was published in 1947 and is quite famous. Designed his own home in 1949 and established his reputation as an architect.
Johnson's early work was deeply influenced by Mies, and even his own home was quite a shadow of Mies. Although he regards Mies as a genius, he is gradually complaining about the traditional style. He said: "My purpose is clear and different from tradition." Since 1967, Johnson worked with John Burgee until 1991, when they were able to cast simple geometric shapes into a new and incredible model.
Because Johnson is good at building large buildings such as high-rises and public spaces, his work spans all fields, and his designs often have a strong abstraction and aesthetics. Johnson has always changed the style of one building to another completely, which is why he is very popular in the business community. Johnson has always focused on changing the shape of the building. In his words: "We never have to copy our own things, but we should be completely different from them." Due to too much attention to the architectural background (such as the environment and location), Johnson's design is quite compromised from time to time. Johnson believes that the single most important mistake in architecture is boredom.
In the design of Johnson's collaboration with partner Burch, more and more attention is paid to building the identity of the horizon to meet the needs of customers. Customers often want their buildings to be more chic and eye-catching in this common world. Therefore, the building he designed not only formed a clear contrast with the surrounding high-rise buildings, but also occupied a considerable position. He believes that the structure and appearance of the building must be comparable to the level of customer acceptance.
Johnson pays considerable attention to the combination of natural and artificial light, and also recognizes the significant effect of water on the location and the role of light. Therefore, in the design, he joined several separate but related fountains. He also created more space by carving knots, etc. He said: "On the one hand, I am very interested in the arranged architectural space, and think of it as a kind of thinking, put it into practice to understand ,understanding". Although Johnson has been following Mies's pace, he has become the main designer of skyscrapers through his own efforts. In 1979, Johnson won the first Pritzker Prize, which was hailed as the Nobel Prize in architecture. Philip Johnson's work
Bank One Center Dallas, 1987
Bank of America Houston
Bank of America Houston
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