1 Introduction According to statistics, China's building energy consumption is three times that of the same latitude in the world, accounting for 27.8% of the country's total primary energy consumption. Second, lighting, air conditioning and other electrical equipment account for 46% of the total energy consumption of the country. The energy consumption of buildings is higher than that of developed countries, which is mainly reflected in the poor insulation and cooling of buildings and the status of heating systems. With the rapid development of real estate, the demand for matching lighting products has also increased significantly. In terms of power consumption, lighting products have become the second largest energy consumer after air conditioning and heating appliances. Lighting energy consumption accounts for 25% to 35% of the total building electricity consumption, accounting for 13% of the country's total electricity consumption. In the process of using the building lighting, in addition to the electric energy consumed by the light source itself, the luminaire will also generate corresponding heat, which is one of the main heat sources of the building's first energy-consuming “air conditioning, heatingâ€. . Therefore, lighting power saving has become an important aspect of energy saving. At present, the energy saving potential of lighting is very large. The general energy-saving scheme can achieve a savings of 20% to 35%. Conservatively, according to the calculation of 20%, the value of energy saved in the country is considerable, and it can be imagined that it plays a big role in the national economy. In the relevant manuals, an accurate definition of lighting energy saving has been given. Promoting lighting energy saving does not mean lowering the requirements for visual operations and reducing lighting quality. Lighting energy saving is to ensure that the work is not reduced under the premise of ensuring illumination standards and lighting quality. The visual requirements of the site seek to reduce energy losses in the lighting system and make the most efficient use of electrical energy. According to the lighting specification, the unit illuminance and the required electricity consumption per unit area (W/m2.lx) are used as lighting energy-saving indicators, and efforts are made to increase the illuminance and reduce the electricity consumption. The following analysis of multiple technical solutions for lighting energy saving. 2. Scientific energy-saving lighting design (1) Reasonable lighting circuit : The loss of the lighting circuit accounts for about 4% of the input power. The main factors affecting the lighting circuit loss are the power supply mode and the cross-sectional area of ​​the wire. Most lighting voltage is 220V, and the lighting system can be powered by single-phase two-wire, two-phase three-wire, three-phase four-wire. Three-phase four-wire power supply has much less line loss than other power supply methods. Therefore, the lighting system should be powered by three-phase four-wire system whenever possible. (2) Appropriate switch control mode and make full use of natural light : Natural light is a free light source, making full use of natural light, which is one of the important ways to save energy in lighting. Therefore, it is necessary to design lighting switches reasonably, such as taking separate lighting control by window. Measures. Making full use of natural light and properly selecting natural lighting can also improve the working environment, make people feel comfortable and help health. Making full use of the reflectivity of the indoor light-receiving surface can also effectively improve the utilization of light. For example, the reflection coefficient of a white wall surface can reach 70% to 80%, which can also play a role in power saving. (3) Choice of lighting mode : Under the condition of meeting the standard degree, in order to save electricity, general lighting, partial lighting and hybrid lighting should be properly selected. For example, in the factory's tall mechanical processing workshop, only the general lighting method is used. It is difficult to achieve the illuminance value required for fine vision work with many lamps. If a local illumination source is installed on each lathe, the electricity can be very small. High illumination. (4) Selection of different illuminance values : Choosing illuminance is an important issue in lighting design. The illuminance is too low, which will damage the staff's vision and affect product quality and production efficiency. Unreasonably high illumination will waste power. The choice of illumination must be adapted to the visual work performed. Design lighting can be selected according to the lighting design standards promulgated by the country. The light environment formed by reasonable illumination value and excellent lighting quality can improve work efficiency, improve user's mood, and improve the comfort of our space. 3. Selection of light source, lamp and electrical components In the construction industry, lighting equipment is indispensable for the manufacturing of space effects such as lighting requirements and atmosphere rendering. Therefore, regarding energy conservation, it has become very important in the selection of lighting products. (1) Commonly used electric light sources are: 1 thermoluminescent electric light source (such as incandescent lamp, tungsten halogen lamp, etc.); 2 gas discharge luminous electric light source (such as fluorescent lamp, mercury lamp, sodium lamp, metal halide lamp, etc.); 3 solid Luminous electric light sources (such as LEDs and electroluminescent devices, etc.). Among these three types of electric light sources, the luminous efficiencies of various electric light sources are quite different. Thermoluminescent electric light sources such as incandescent lamps, the higher the temperature of the object, the greater the energy it radiates. The electric light source made by the principle of thermoluminescence is simple to manufacture and low in cost, but the luminous efficiency is low, and the rest of the energy is consumed in the form of heat. Gas discharge light-emitting devices, such as fluorescent lamps, Hallide lamps, high-intensity discharge lamps (HID), etc., have higher luminous efficiency than thermal radiation electric light sources, and their luminous efficiency is ordinary. Dozens of times of incandescent lamps, in general, you can gradually replace the thermal radiation source with a gas discharge electric light source with high luminous efficiency. Fluorescent lamps are 70% lighter than incandescent lamps and are suitable for indoor lighting applications in offices, dormitories and workshops with a ceiling height of less than 5 m. Compact fluorescent lamps have 5% higher luminous efficiency than ordinary fluorescent lamps, and thin tube fluorescent lamps are 10% more energy efficient than ordinary fluorescent lamps. Therefore, compact and thin tube fluorescent lamps are high-efficiency energy-saving electric light sources introduced in today's "green lighting engineering" implementation. (2) High-pressure mercury lamps, high-pressure sodium lamps and metal halide lamps are all gas discharge lamps. Their volt-ampere characteristics are that the lamp voltage does not rise but decreases when the current increases. It must be connected in series with a positive volt-ampere characteristic. Components balance this negative characteristic, and components with this characteristic are called current limiters or ballasts. High-quality magnetic ballasts are characterized by good impedance stability and volt-ampere stability, high power factor and low power loss. This will stabilize the lamp operating current and extend the life of the lamp. Reducing the power loss of the ballast is also an aspect of energy saving work that cannot be ignored. For example, the good power loss of the 250W sodium lamp ballast is only 20W~25W, and the poor power loss can reach 40W. (3) The main function of the luminaire is to distribute the luminous flux of the light source to the desired direction to improve the utilization of light and avoid glare. Generally, high-efficiency lamps are made of high-reflectivity materials and advanced processes, such as high-purity aluminum plates with electro-polished finishes; protective covers with good light transmission properties, such as light-transmissive glass or plexiglass; Waterproof and dustproof to minimize the loss of light. The efficiency of a luminaire refers to its utilization of the luminous flux of the source. The luminous flux of a luminaire made of any material for the radiation of the source is always less than 1 when it is reflected and transmitted. Assuming a light source of the same power, one of the lamps with higher efficiency is used, 70% to 80% of the luminous flux is used, and the other is equipped with a lower efficiency lamp, and the luminous flux is only 40% to 50%. Comparing the two, the low-efficiency luminaire consumes nearly 30% of the power consumed by the light source, and fails to play its role. This point is often overlooked. Therefore, when choosing a luminaire, try to choose a luminaire with a good light distribution curve and high efficiency. At present, some luminaire manufacturers have developed and produced luminaires with a reflectivity of 95%. When the actual illuminance value is calculated, it is reduced by a certain amount compared with ordinary lamps, which saves the cost and reduces the total power consumption of the lighting. In addition, the luminaire is inevitably polluted during use, such as aluminum oxidation of the reflector, dust accumulation inside and outside the shield, etc., which will inevitably cause loss of light, such as irregular maintenance, the same as above, the light source Most of the power consumed is wasted. Therefore, when selecting a luminaire, it is necessary to select a luminaire with a sealing performance of IP55 or higher to reduce the maintenance workload. 4. Management of lighting and electricity saving Good maintenance management can save electricity and protect eyesight. Strengthening lighting power management is an important aspect of lighting power saving. Lighting power-saving management is mainly based on energy-saving publicity and education and the establishment of lighting power-saving system, so that people can develop the habit of turning off the lights; install electricity meters by households, implement metering charges; install power meters for collective dormitory, limit use Electricity, these can effectively reduce the amount of electricity used for lighting. When the bulb is fouled, its luminous flux may drop below 50% of the normal luminous flux. When the bulb, lamp, glass, and wall are not clean, the reflectance and light transmittance are greatly reduced. In order to ensure the lighting effect of the lamp, the bulb, the lamp and the wall should be cleaned regularly according to the lighting environment. When the lamp is to flash or has flashed, it should be replaced in time, because the gas discharge power source has the highest power consumption at startup, which is much larger than usual, and can effectively save energy. 5, urban lighting energy saving Urban lighting power saving is by no means achieved by reducing lighting standards. Energy conservation should be mentioned on the premise that roads at all levels meet the corresponding lighting standards. Therefore, when designing and constructing every road lighting, we should make full use of light energy to meet the lighting standard requirements of the illuminated environment. First, determine the road lighting level, and design according to different lighting places such as main roads, secondary roads, and residential areas to maximize the use of light energy. Usually, several schemes can be made for analysis and comparison, and a scheme that is both economical and energy-saving can be selected. In terms of road lighting, it is generally more economical and energy-efficient to use a larger installation height and spacing and a high-power light source than a light source with a small installation height and spacing and low power. 6, summary Lighting energy conservation is a comprehensive work involving more aspects. Under the premise of maintaining the required lighting level, it is completely feasible to realize energy saving. The potential of lighting energy saving is very great. Only after continuous exploration and practice, from the perspective of the big place, the small part can be used to find the real energy saving effect of lighting. The method is to reduce the cost of lighting and make the limited power more effective.
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