UHV promotes the formation of a new regional economic structure

In recent years, China’s economic development has made great achievements, and it has also brought severe challenges to environmental protection. For example, coal mining has caused a series of ecological and environmental problems such as water pollution and land subsidence. According to statistics, the recovery rate of land destroyed by coal mining in China is 25%, which is much lower than the average level of 65% in developed countries. The rate of raw coal washing is low, currently about 51%, far below the level of 80% in some developed countries; Long-distance transportation has aggravated the environmental pollution along the route and the receiving end. Therefore, over-reliance on energy allocation methods for coal transportation and local development methods of power balance have been difficult to adapt to the changes in energy development methods and economic and social development.

As the infrastructure of the national economy, the power grid has an overall impact on economic development. Therefore, the development of a strong smart grid with UHV as the backbone grid is an important measure for China to face the challenges of the ecological environment. It is bound to promote energy conservation and environmental protection, information technology, bio-industry, high-end equipment manufacturing, new energy industries, new materials, and new energy vehicles. The rapid development of strategic emerging industries.

The realistic needs of coordinated development of energy and the environment

As we all know, China's energy resources are mainly distributed in the western, northern and southwest regions, and electricity load centers are mainly concentrated in the central and eastern regions. At present, the coal consumption in the eastern and central regions is large, and the emission of atmospheric pollutants is high. The emission of sulfur dioxide per unit area is about 5.2 times that of the western region, and the pressure on environmental protection is high. The China Environment Bulletin released in 2011 showed that 104 cities with heavier acid rain were all located in the central and eastern regions.

In the future, there will be no additional environmental space for coal-fired power plants in the central and eastern regions. Affected by the local balance of development methods, China's current cross-regional trans-provincial transmission channel construction is lagging behind, especially from the energy base to the load center, a serious shortage of transmission capacity, resulting in large-scale power grid optimization of energy, environmental and other resources is clearly lacking in capacity.

At the same time, since 2011, China has successively issued the “12th Five-Year Plan for Comprehensive Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction”, the “Twelve Five-Year Plan for National Environmental Protection,” and the “Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Thermal Power Plants” (GB13223-2011 Etc.) and other policy documents clarified that the eastern region should drastically reduce the total amount of pollutants discharged, impose strict regulations on environmental protection in the power industry, and lay emphasis on more stringent emission limits for soot, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides, and add a thermal power plant. Mercury emission limits.

Therefore, under the new environmental protection situation of the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan”, due to the large amount of pollutants discharged in the eastern region, the existing coal-fired unit desulfurization renovation has been basically completed, and the new coal-fired unit will have a very limited environmental protection space, and it is required to strictly limit the new With the increase in the size of coal-fired power generation units, new coal-fired power generation will focus on the western and northern regions with certain environmental space, which also requires the development of UHV power grids with large-capacity and long-distance resource allocation capabilities.

Effectively coordinate regional economic development

China's new coal resources in Shanxi, Shannxi, and Mengning are rich, with coal reserves of about 82% of the country. Rich coal resources have not brought rapid economic development. During the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan” period, the per capita GDP of these regions was mostly lower than the national average. The direct export of coal and the short industrial chain have restricted the development of the local economy. The maturity of UHV transmission technology will provide an effective means for the development of diversified industries, extension of industrial chains, and development of value-added industries in resource-rich regions.

For example, the construction of large-scale coal and electricity bases and wind power bases in the western and northern regions not only promotes the rational development and utilization of coal resources and wind energy resources, but also more importantly extends the coal development and utilization industry chain and promotes the output of high-value-added power products. The development of power-related industries has increased local tax revenues, led to employment, and effectively promoted the development of the western region and the economic development in the west.

According to the 2010 input-output table, the power coefficient of the power production and supply industry in Shanxi, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, and other regions was 1.06, and the coefficient of sensitivity was 2.21, both higher than the average social level. This indicates that the development of the power industry in these areas is not The local economic development leads to significant growth. It is expected that the scale of coal and electricity delivery in the five new provinces of Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Inner Mongolia will exceed 200 million kilowatts by 2020, driving the per capita real income in the five provinces to increase by about 6%, and the Gini coefficient of per capita GDP between the coal production area and the central and eastern load center area. It will also be reduced by 1.2%, narrowing the economic gap between regions.

In addition, the "12th Five-Year Plan" period is a critical period for China's industrial transformation and upgrading. The task of industrial restructuring in the eastern region is very urgent. The large amount of electricity in the eastern region will not only benefit the development of the western and northern regions, but also contribute to the development of the eastern region. Studies have shown that the landing price of the western power to the east is lower than the on-grid price of the locally built power plants in the east, which is conducive to maintaining the price advantage of local products in the domestic market and international competition and promoting the development of advantageous industries. Moreover, the development of UHV and smart grids will also promote the development of electric vehicles, effectively replace fossil energy, and give full play to the environmental benefits of clean energy. The effect of solving urban environmental pollution will gradually emerge.

Improve the value of land use throughout the country

China’s land resources, especially cultivated land resources, are in short supply. At present, the per capita land occupation area is less than 1/3 of the world average. With the continuous growth of the population, the land for industrial and mining, transportation, and urban construction continues to increase, and the situation of tense land resources in China is becoming increasingly severe. Relative to the western region, the central and eastern regions have developed economies, dense populations, high land-use values, and scarce land resources.

Studies have shown that relative to coal transportation, the development of UHV transmission can greatly save the area of ​​energy transmission links. The coal transport corridor occupies all the land in the corridor, including the land occupation of the delivery terminal, the area occupied by the coal transportation railway, the land occupied by the transit port, the occupied land of the receiving port and the occupied railway line of the receiver power station, and it has the characteristics of complete exclusion. . The transmission channel is an air corridor, covering only the bases and substations, and switching stations (converter stations). The land under the line corridors and tower base can also be used as cultivated land or vegetation.

It is estimated that from Shanxi, Shaanxi, Mengxi, Ningdong area to East China load center area, the railway covers an area of ​​about 600 hectares per 100 kilometers. The coal transportation is considered to be 200 million tons sent by Tie Hailian. In the case of the same energy transmission, the UHV AC line covers only 100 hectares per 100 kilometers. The total amount of land occupied by the coal transport channel is 2-4 times that of the transmission channel. Moreover, the conclusions of studies on the ecological impact of UHV electromagnetic environment in China and other countries have shown that the electromagnetic environment limit of UHV transmission lines will not cause harmful effects on humans and animals; the power frequency electric field of UHV transmission lines will not The growth of under-crop crops, plants and trees has adverse effects.

In addition, UHV transmission can save a lot of transmission corridors than EHV transmission. The corridor width of UHV AC transmission lines is approximately 1.6 times the 500 kV, the transmission capacity is 4-5 times that of 500 kV, and the transmission capacity per unit corridor width is approximately 2.5-3.1 times that of 500 kV. The corridor width of the ±800 kV DC transmission line is approximately 1.6 times the ±500 kV, the transmission capacity is 2.5 times the ±500 kV, and the unit corridor width transmission capacity is approximately 1.6 times the ±500 kV.