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RNS-wireless network subsystem The radio network subsystem (RNS-Radio Network Subsystem) includes a radio network controller (RNC) that controls radio resources in the access network. RNC has macro diversity combining ability, and can provide soft handover ability. Each RNC can cover multiple NodeBs. NodeB is essentially a logical entity equivalent to a base transceiver station. It is controlled by the RNC and provides a physical wireless link connection between a mobile device (UE) and a radio network subsystem (RNS). Similarly, a base station system (BSS) consists of a base station controller, which controls one or more base transceiver stations. Unlike a NodeB, each BSS corresponds to a cell. The IuCS and IuPS interfaces connect all mobile devices in the access network to the circuit-switched domain and packet-switched domain in the core network, respectively. UMTS is a universal mobile communication system, which is one of the global 3G standards formulated by the International Standardization Organization 3GPP. It is generally composed of user terminals, wireless access networks, and core networks. UTRAN is an important access method for wireless access. UTRAN is a group of wireless access connected to the core network The subsystem (RNS) consists of Iu interface.