Straight lines, figures, calculation formulas, draft paper full of various types of calculation process, not a moment, A4 paper full of handwriting. In a noisy cafe, the key points of the VR live broadcast process and technology were explained clearly. "The 4K VR broadcasts on the market today are mostly watery, unclear, and the picture is damaged. There are many VR live broadcasts. In fact, many people do not understand." said Liu Zhenzhao, founder of the pyramid VR. Pyramid VR is a young team that was founded in early 2016 of VR Capital Heat, but has been immersed in research and seldom vocalized until the release of VR recording of the Spring Festival Gala of the Year of the Rooster. Unicorn enterprises do not matter to come first, pyramid VR exposure later, there is also the possibility of becoming a spire team. In the VR live stream, Liu Zhenzhao bluntly stated that the core technology and advantages of Pyramid VR are "the only team in China capable of realizing 4-8K/360°/3D VR live broadcast under normal network conditions. As for true and false, see if you know. Drama Spring Festival Training In December 2016, news of the VR live broadcast on the Spring Festival of the Year of the Rooster led to everyone's expectation. Only on the 30th day of the day, the original VR live broadcast became a recorded broadcast, which was somewhat disappointing. In addition to “Spring Festival Galaâ€, in fact, another Spring Festival Evening program on the CCTV platform also recorded VR video. This is the Spring Festival Gala performed by the pyramid VR. Pyramid VR decided to adopt the form of recording and broadcasting at the very beginning, because "the Spring Festival Gala began preparations in September, when the team's technology is not yet very mature." (VR Opera Spring Festival Evening Shots) Founded in early 2016, Pyramid VR devotes itself to research live technology for more than a year and has accumulated a set of self-developed underlying algorithms for 4K VR broadcast. In addition to the lack of preparation time, Liu Zhenzhao also revealed that the reason why it is difficult to do VR broadcast during the Spring Festival Gala is that it is easy to wear. With regard to the Spring Festival Gala experience, VR cameras and traditional cameras will be set up on site. The seat of the traditional camera is on the rear of the audience, and in order to achieve the best effect, the VR camera needs to be placed in the front row. If both work at the same time, it will inevitably bring another camera into the picture. In particular, the program “Drama Broadcast Gymnasticsâ€, where VR cameras are placed in the middle of actors, will affect traditional photography. “The drama Spring Festival Gala is recorded and broadcast in its own right. In order to increase the VR viewing channel, basically every program needs to be performed twice. Such an actor's dispatch cannot be seen in 'Spring Festival Evening,' and the VR model is for the actor's admission appearance and audience. Regulation is a big test." Hot spot to fall in love with VR live I do not know since when, if a large-scale event did not carry out VR live, it looks a bit dated. VR Live is not new. As early as the 2015-2016 NBA season, Next VR used VR technology to conduct a basketball game live. In 2016, VR Live seemed to catch the “live†express train and began to become popular. Every week, a large amount of VR live streaming traffic traverses the network and comes to the user’s mobile phone. PricewaterhouseCoopers once predicted a VR broadcast market: It is expected that by 2020, the market size of VR events will reach 750 million U.S. dollars and reach 4100 million U.S. dollars in 2025; the number of users in 2020 is expected to be 28 million, and in 2025 it will increase to 9500. Million. The VR trend has brought in a lot of capital and entrepreneurs to enter, with many trials. Speaking of live VR, what works can you think of? Faye Wong concert, Rooster Year of the Rooster, Chinese Football Association Super League, National Two Conferences, in addition to this kind of large-scale IP, many not-so-famous reality shows, conferences, celebrations, and surgical sites have also used VR live. Companies involved include Youtube, VALVE, Mango TV, Micro Whale, Le Vision, Snail Cloud, Live Pepper, Youku Potato, etc. In fact, the scenarios that VR Live can apply to do have the value of development, such as sports, live news events, educational courses, and live broadcast of medical sites. Under the battle, some enterprises with first-mover advantage have now firmly established themselves in the VR circle, such as the number of Lanting recorded in the VR recording of Spring Festival Gala and the micro-whales cooperating with China Super League. You have Zhang Liangji. I have wall ladders. Even if you don't have a first-mover advantage, new players may also use technical counterattacks. Xiaobai also understands the principle of live broadcasting After the traditional drama Spring Festival Gala was done, the feedback from the organizers of the pyramid VR was "better than the imagination and high definition." Behind this evaluation, there is a subtext: The current VR live broadcasting is not as good as it is. There is such a problem on the platform that knows, "Why does Faye Wong's VR live broadcast resolution known as 4K still not clear enough?" Some review articles on the web also believe that the concert screen is blurred. In addition, "Frequently" and "prolonged delay" are often feedbacks from VR live broadcasts. So many VR live pits, this audience is not, or VR live broadcast itself does not fly? To answer these questions, you need to start with the principle of VR broadcast. Shooting, real-time stitching, cloud transcoding bandwidth compression, CDN, full-platform user experience, this is a complete set of steps for VR live streaming. One of the factors that determines the VR live picture is the quality of the original film. Liu Zhenzhao uses the example of Opera Spring Festival Evening, and the pyramid VR uses OZO filming. Although this is regarded as the first ladder device, in the course of practice, it is found that the focus is not intelligently adjusted. “There are a lot of spotlights on the spot during the Spring Festival Gala, and the lighting conditions are so complex that the focus of the OZO shooting may be focused on the big screen behind the actor. The actor's face is not clear. Sometimes there will be noise.†If the quality of the original film does not meet the standard, it will require a late technical amendment. Another factor is the limitation of transmission bandwidth. Different from live broadcasting and recording, recording and broadcasting can be cached. For example, 10 seconds of content can be cached. Even if network jitter is encountered, individual screens are not transmitted smoothly, and users can watch the cached information first. However, with different live broadcasts, the live broadcast requires low delays, requires sufficient network bandwidth, and is stable in the network environment. In this way, live images can be transmitted in a timely and complete manner. VR broadcast is a large bit rate transmission, and it needs to reduce the bandwidth. Bandwidth is reduced, then dropped a little According to the statistics of the world’s largest CDN service provider Akamai, the average speed in China in 2015 was only 3.7 Mbps, while the 4K streaming live broadcast needs to reach 15.6 Mbps. The two lanes need to accommodate eight lanes of cars that are naturally crowded. According to the pyramid VR algorithm, the video can be compressed to 80% of the original, and the lowest 4K bit rate 1.5Mb/s and the lowest 8K bit rate 6Mb/s can be achieved. Liu Zhenzhao simply explained the two basic compression methods used by the pyramid VR. "VR is 360°. The human eye is in front and cannot see the back. The video has priority to ensure that the front is the highest clear, and the following definition will gradually become lower, so that the amount of data is small. The second principle is somewhat similar to the 'picture code, but also to be coded in the heart', such as my mobile phone was blocked part of, but we can still make up the whole picture of the phone. Before a low-definition picture is transmitted to the client, it can be made clear on the playback side by the super-resolution technology of machine learning, provided that the machine knows what the picture looks like. This technology can be targeted at specific products, such as football matches, goals, stadiums, score boards, etc., are fixed and specific scenes, these scenes can be handled in the transmission blur, show high-definition. †The Pyramid VR measures traffic comparisons for the same picture quality of the “Girls Dance Companyâ€: Traditional technology consumes 352MB of traffic, and the pyramid VR program uses only 93.1MB. At the same time, comparing the picture quality at the same code rate (2.5 Mbps), the screenshot of the pyramid VR is clearer. According to the calculation of the pyramid VR, this technology can save 80% of the bandwidth cost. Take Faye Wong concert as an example. If 100,000 people watch 4 hours at the same time through VR, this algorithm can save 360000 yuan for the micro whale; Liu Yan pepper live, the highest online 6 million people watching 2 hours through VR, you can save 10.8 million for pepper. (The VR bandwidth is about 10Mb/s, and the cost is 10 times that of ordinary live broadcast. If it is 8K live broadcast, it is 40 times the normal cost). In addition, Pyramid VR has completed the construction of VR live CDN together with the top three CDN service providers in China. In conjunction with Alibaba Cloud Technology, it has jointly built VR CDN. Water squeezed there Many companies involved in VR live broadcast have "compressed bandwidth" as their core technology, but like VR cameras, they exaggerate a lot. What needs to be clear is that “4K†refers to the resolution, 4096*2048. The resolution of a picture is compressible. Two equally large pictures have high and low picture quality, and the amount of data is not the same. Just like a compressed package, the compression rate is adjusted to 90% and 40%, and the resolution is not the same, although it looks the same size. “Some companies claim to be able to reduce bandwidth by 50%, but the picture quality is detrimental. For example, the picture of the user’s vertical angle of 20° in front of the user is very clear, but the picture will be lost in the direction of 45° up and down, and the picture quality loss will be very serious. It is also very vague, and some companies that use H.265 technology can save 40% of the bandwidth, but they have poor compatibility when playing the terminal, and the phone will be hot for watching for a while. H.265 is an open technology, each technology company Can be used." Liu Zhenzhao likened the core technology to "rocket space," and the physics knowledge and principles are universal. It is just that each country has a different start-up and development time. For the technology used by Pyramid VR, Liu Zhenzhao revealed that only three companies can do it at the moment. In addition to Pyramid VR, only foreign companies Pixvana and Visbit have strength. "Of course, we don't rule out the development of other companies, but at the time, it will be at least one year later than the pyramid VR." No good platform, no clear picture can come out Subject to the large network environment, when users watch VR videos, they can only accept videos that have been compressed into 1080P by video sites. At the end of April, Pyramid VR launched an app that is similar to the Weibo live broadcasting platform and specializes in commercial 4K VR broadcasts, and will not compress the picture quality on the playback end. Liu Zhenzhao disclosed that the Pyramid VR is suitable for all platforms and can achieve the entire process of shooting, processing and uploading content to users. According to the company's current planning, the focus is on business services, such as conferences, conferences, events, and lectures. Customers who can't tolerate the VR live broadcast of ordinary video sites can fulfill their needs in the VR APP. For the future planning, Liu Zhenzhao said that it will overcome the difficulties of 3D VR broadcast. With the addition of 3D, the amount of data transmitted will be twice that of the current. In the future, VR will reach 8K, and it will generate a huge amount of data. "The core business of Pyramid VR is 4K VR live streaming. For the current market, we hope that all the incoming teams will be able to achieve a true 4K instead of a low-quality, blurry live broadcast. Only if the entire live broadcast environment is good, will every company benefit ." "It should be said that the current real VR live broadcasting technology is still slightly inadequate. It takes a year or so for large-scale technical improvement. Once the technology is perfect, fake VR live broadcasting may continue to exist for a while at a low price. Therefore, conservative estimates for two years, the market will Evicting bad money." Pyramid VR Introduction Established: early 2016 Business Direction: Provide one-stop VR live support for enterprises based on Pyramid VR Live App Team background: Currently there are 8 core technical teams from Cambridge, Peking University, Beijing Jiaotong University, Jinshan, Tencent, Huawei, Sohu and others. Established cooperative laboratories with Chinese Academy of Sciences, Peking University, Cambridge University and Beijing Jiaotong University. Business Status: Support all platforms, support 4K VR live Financing situation: Pre-A Pyramid VR Product Advantage Chart - Product and Technology Diagram (Multi-view video acquisition system) (Surround video capture and 3D reconstruction system) (3D look around the car assisted driving system) [Baidu VR article, reproduced please indicate the source]
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