The responsibility of the maintenance electrician is to ensure the normal operation of various types of motors and their electrical control systems and production and living lighting systems for various production machinery movements. As a maintenance electrician, in addition to the reasonable installation, good commissioning and daily maintenance and inspection of equipment and lines during work, how to quickly identify the cause of the failure and handle the failure correctly in the event of a failure is to ensure that the equipment is normal Important guarantee for operation. The troubleshooting skills are very important for the maintenance electrician, and the total importance is manifested in the following aspects: 1. The equipment cannot be operated due to failures, sometimes causing great economic losses and affecting the labor efficiency of the enterprise. Therefore, the skills required for the maintenance electrician to troubleshoot are very high. 2. For the wide range and high randomness of electrical faults, the troubleshooting skills are a major feature of the repair electrician occupation (type of work), and also put forward higher requirements for the repairing skills of the electrician. 3. In addition, whether it is from the vocational standard or the skill assessment, although the assessment of troubleshooting has a certain chance, but because it reflects the certain comprehensive skills of the maintenance electrician and reflects the characteristics of the profession (type of work), it is still not The assessment of the project continues. And often set the fault queue items as "negative items". That is, if this assessment fails, the entire assessment will be deemed unqualified. In actual work, the range of electrical faults is very wide, involving every part of the electrical system, and the faults appear are variable and random. The method of queuing faults can only be determined according to the specific situation of the fault, there is no strict fixed mode, which is confusing for some maintenance personnel, and often takes a lot of detours in the process of troubleshooting, even causing large losses, especially For beginners, they often do not know where to start. As a maintenance electrician, when a fault is encountered, it can quickly identify the cause of the fault and handle the fault point reasonably and correctly. This has a major role in improving labor productivity, reducing economic losses, and safe production. As a technician, in addition to having high knowledge and skills, he should also have the ability to train and guide senior workers and maintenance personnel at the following levels. The following are the common problems in their electrical control systems and production and living lighting systems, to discuss with your peers in order to learn, promote and improve each other. 1. The basis of troubleshooting To completely eliminate the fault, the cause of the fault must be clearly clarified. In addition to continuously accumulating experience in the work, it is more important to be able to theoretically analyze and explain the cause of the fault, that is, "know it, We must also know why, "use theory to guide our operations, and flexibly use various methods of queuing failures. 1. Have certain professional theoretical knowledge. Many electrical phenomena must be led by professional theoretical knowledge to really understand and get through. Compared with other types of work, maintenance electricians are more theoretical. Sometimes, without theoretical guidance, many jobs cannot be carried out at all. In actual work, it often takes longer to use the brain than to do it. Once you find the fault, it is relatively simple to repair. It is necessary to review some basic concepts about the "automatic control principle" and the working principle of the system to achieve a better understanding and mastery. For example, when the incandescent lamp is inserted into the diode to greatly extend the life of the bulb, the concept of the relationship between the temperature change and the resistance value is used. Without certain professional knowledge, it is impossible to truly understand and master certain problems. 2. Understanding the movement form of the equipment, the requirements for electrical, understanding and mastering the electrical working principle of the equipment, mastering the electrical working principle, and comparing the electrical control characteristics of the equipment are the very important foundations for troubleshooting. Familiar with the main content of the equipment composite control system and electrical control technology, and understand its typicality, comprehensiveness and complexity. If you truly master the system troubleshooting skills of typical equipment, you will be able to make inferences and bypass by encountering other equipment. When a fault occurs in the system, it often involves a large range. Without grasping the electrical working principle of the device, the fault cannot be better solved, or even the fault cannot be eliminated. 3. Understand the specific location of each electrical component in the equipment and the layout of the circuit, and realize the one-to-one correspondence between the electrical schematic diagram and the actual wiring, which is the basis for improving the speed of troubleshooting. To do this, you can have a further understanding of the device, and when troubleshooting the measurement, you can choose an effective test point to prevent misjudgment, in order to quickly judge and narrow the fault range. Second, the general method of troubleshooting With a certain theoretical basis, I have mastered the working principle of the equipment, I have made sufficient preparations for troubleshooting, and I need to have certain means to effectively analyze and find the fault point. This is the general method of troubleshooting. . 1. Resistance method: usually refers to a method of measuring whether the circuit and contacts are on or off by using the electrical resistance of a multimeter, and sometimes using a multimeter or bridge to measure whether the resistance of the coil meets the nominal value, and also uses megohms The meter measures the insulation resistance between phase and phase, phase and ground. When measuring, pay attention to the selection of the range (in general measurement channels, select a lower gear); compare the table; pay attention to whether there are other circuits to avoid misjudgment; pay attention to strictly prohibit live measurement, which is a common method . 2. Voltage method: refers to the method of measuring the voltage value in the circuit using the corresponding voltage block of the multimeter. Usually, when measuring, sometimes the voltage of the voltage and the load are measured (that is, the food load is always between the two test leads, and sometimes the open circuit voltage is measured to determine Whether the line is normal. Pay attention to the gear of the watch when measuring, choose the appropriate range, and pay attention to the positive and negative polarities when measuring DC. This is also a more commonly used method. 3. Current method: That is, to determine whether the fault is caused by measuring whether the current in the line meets the normal value. Weak current circuit is often measured by connecting ammeter or multimeter current block in series in the circuit. Strong current circuit is often detected by clamp ammeter. 4. Replacement method: When a device is suspected to be faulty, but cannot be determined, and there are substitute parts, the test can be replaced to see if the fault is recovered. 5. Short-circuit method: It is suitable for low-voltage and low-current loops, and the method of short-circuiting the points with moderate emotions with thick wires for testing. However, it must be determined that short-circuiting will not cause short-circuiting and short-circuiting will not cause harm once it is working. It is forbidden to use live short circuit, which is not suitable for beginners. 6. Direct inspection method: After understanding the cause of the failure or according to experience, there is a high probability of failure, and then some special failures, you can directly check the suspected failure point. dianqi.com Copyright 7. Instrument test method: measure various parameters with the help of various instruments, such as oscilloscope to observe the change of waveform, in order to analyze the cause of the failure. Mostly used in weak current lines. 8. Step-by-step elimination method: When a short circuit occurs, part of the line can be cut off gradually to determine the fault scope and fault point. 9. Parameter adjustment method: Some components in the circuit are not damaged, and the wiring of the circuit is good. However, due to the inappropriate adjustment of certain physical quantities (such as time, displacement, current, resistance value, temperature feedback signal strength, etc.), the system cannot be adjusted. Normal work, at this time should be adjusted according to the original electrical work and the specific conditions of the equipment. 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